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Arduino Uno connected to breadboard and LED

The first example project to familiarize oneself with Arduino code and circuit building is a simple program to control a blinking LED.

The code to perform this basic task follows:

  1. void setup() {
  2.   //...
Arduino Ethernet Shield mounted on an Arduino Mega 2560

Introduction

As powerful computers become less expensive, smaller, and more modular a doorway has opened for professionals and hobbyists working in technology fields. Powerful microcontrollers can be purchased for under $50. These microcontrollers allow for programers to interact with, and control physical devices. These microcontrollers have turned many programmers and computer scientists into physical inventors rather than only software engineers.

A further movement away from proprietary models of development to Open Source technologies and an Open Source mindset is also changing the way people are interacting with machines. Operating systems such as Android and Linux allow people to interact with the low level of machines and to adjust these machines for specific tasks...